Cultural Safety of The Nurses Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theCultural Safety of The Nurses Practices. Answer: Fearlessness as the way of life Fearlessness or confidence will be identified with the social security of the attendants rehearses. It will furnish the medical caretakers with social affectability. It will likewise forestall the negative observations and will empower them to take part in experienced assistance Intelligent practice by utilizing Gibbs intelligent model This model will in this manner bolster the medical caretakers to work with self-assurance in the general condition. This will be basic to build up the social act of the self-assurance among the attendants. Portrayal Fearlessness as a culture will shape the region of thenursing calling among the medical attendants. It will permit the medical caretakers to put them prevalent in their assignments, see the world in a devoted way. The medical caretakers ought to have the trust on their own capacities and characteristics and play out any assignment without any problem. The nature of self character will empower to play out their obligations in socially skilled way. The individual culture of self-assurance will help in their expert practice. Sentiments Since the character goes about as the social acknowledgment, there ought not be any negative acknowledgment of the self personality perspective. The fearlessness implies a great deal to the medical attendants. This is on the grounds that it will give a sentiment of individual fulfillment and will likewise help the patients by furnishing them with best quality administrations. The administrations are to be given regardless of the individual sexual orientation, occupation, financial status, ethnic foundations, movement. Assessment Assessment of self-assurance indicated that this code of callings rehearsed by the medical attendants is exceptionally useful. The attendants must utilize this self character in their training since it will assist them with managing any basic circumstance in regards to the distinctions in societies. The medical caretakers must be prepared and assessed to see that their self-assurance is available. So as to accomplish self-assurance the medical attendants must set their objectives and be spurred. Self-assurance in any work will assist with satisfying the standards of the social security in wide range. Examination Thenursing and birthing assistance committee code of expert direct expresses that fearlessness will n be helpful to give the best quality administrations to the patient in any condition. This is likewise fundamental in advancement of the learning among the medical attendants. This will assist with perceiving the distinctions and similarly acknowledge the decent variety in human conduct and social structure. End Self-assurance as a part of self character will be useful for the medical caretakers to regard all the conduct of the various individuals. This will assist with settling powerful and impartial help. Activity plan Social wellbeing learning will remember the result of the self-assurance for the nursing practice. They should guarantee and show the adaptability in the relationship with individuals who are not quite the same as themselves. Fearlessness and confidence will likewise give energy in the social fitness in medicinal services. As a wavetool As a wavetool, I will remain in the situation to be skillful enough to give top notch human services to all the socially various individuals in extraordinary manners. With confidence and certainty I may incite the equivalent to others. This will be a method of demonstrating admiration to all the individuals with various social foundations. This has assisted with changing a great deal from the past circumstance. Social character likewise is a piece of individual personality. Along these lines adjustment of the individual characteristics will assist them with paying admiration to others convictions (Potter et al, 2016). The new data that I can look for is to know all the social portrayal of the patient that will be dealt with. This should be possible by imparting them if conceivable. From the start, there could be a test while managing contrasts in estimations of others. The individual confidence can impact them and cause them to comprehend a treatment strategy. In some cases the treat ment strategies can hurt others thought and that can be evacuated without anyone else character. In this part the perusing from the Cultural wellbeing in Aotearoa that has helped me to comprehend the ideas of social security (Banks, Kelly, 2015). References Banks, L., Kelly, M. (2015). Social wellbeing and theNursing Council of New Zealand.Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand, 26. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Conventional Silver-Based Film Cameras vs Digital Cameras Free Essays

Ordinary silver-based film is as yet the suggested innovation for evidentiary photography or for field applications. These cameras offer the most elevated goals prospects just as the most elevated unique range. They have the best shading range and are the most adaptable of the as of now accessible camera innovation alternatives. We will compose a custom article test on Ordinary Silver-Based Film Cameras versus Digital Cameras or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Silver-based film is the most strong stockpiling medium also, and is more promptly accessible than video or advanced stockpiling media (â€Å"Guidelines). Goals quality, or the sharpness of detail, is one of the most critical favorable circumstances of silver-based film. The amazingly little estimated silver precious stones for this kind of film permit silver-based film cameras to have an a lot higher goals than advanced cameras. 35mm camera negatives have an estimated goals of 5500 x 3600 pixels, while advanced cameras normally just have a goals of 640 x 480 pixels. That likens to just 1.6 percent of the data that is caught with a silver-based film camera being caught with an advanced camera (â€Å"Guidelines†). There are burdens to utilizing this kind of camera, in any case. First is the requirement for a different handling and printing offices. Likewise, there is a generally long preparing time required for silver-based film. Preparing the film likewise makes naturally perilous side-effects, furthermore the film before handling is delicate to temperature and mugginess changes, just as x-beams. The most outstanding disservice is that it is extremely unlikely for the picture taker to assess the picture promptly, except if moment film is utilized (â€Å"Guidelines†). Points of interest and Disadvantages of Digital Cameras: Advanced cameras offer some unmistakable focal points over different kinds of cameras. The principal advantage they offer the client is the capacity to see the picture in a split second and check that picture is actually what was needed. Also, the picture can be transmitted or imparted to not very many halfway advances. On location picture the executives just as printing are included favorable circumstances, just as more naturally amicable media than film (â€Å"Guidelines†). The weaknesses of advanced cameras, notwithstanding, regularly exceed its favorable circumstances. Computerized cameras require batteries or substitute force supplies to work. This implies there is a negative ecological effect, power must be changed over, and a force gracefully should consistently be accessible. Capacity media, albeit getting all the more promptly accessible, is as yet not accessible generally. Obtaining a picture might be meddled with by electromagnetic fields, and once a picture is gained it might experience a programmed pressure, losing a portion of the detail. Advanced camera equipment and programming are not generally perfect with different makers and there is a requirement for expanded specialized help. In conclusion, as innovation advances there might be an effect on the capacity to get to picture records, when that document position gets obsolete (â€Å"Guidelines†). Points of interest and Disadvantages of Video Cameras: Camcorders have become increasingly more mainstream with the headways in innovation. Camcorders take into consideration an ongoing movement record and the recorder can quickly audit the pictures caught to guarantee they are what was wanted. Like computerized cameras, camcorders can transmit and spread pictures with not very many strides in the middle of and they are more earth well disposed than silver-based film. One of the most noteworthy favorable circumstances to camcorders is their capacity to catch video symbolism as well as sound also (â€Å"Guidelines†). However, there are detriments to this innovation too. Like computerized cameras, camcorders require batteries or an other force gracefully, and these have a negative ecological effect and the accessibility of these influence whether the camcorder can be utilized. Camcorder stockpiling media is likewise liable to harm because of electromagnetic fields, and like computerized cameras, electromagnetic impedance may influence picture procurement. Goals on camcorders is not exactly either advanced or silver-based film cameras and there is constrained shading loyalty. Add to these the test that handheld camcorders need picture soundness and that the weight and versatility of some gear may end up being an issue. Very good quality computerized camcorders are preferable goals over simple cameras (â€Å"Guidelines†). Points of interest and Disadvantages of Hybrid Imaging Systems: Half and half imaging frameworks join silver-based film innovation with advanced innovation. The upsides of this kind of framework is that there is less time to be spent in the darkroom and the camera keeps up the top notch film pictures. With this great, there is as yet the adaptability that accompanies advanced picture handling. Much the same as computerized cameras, pictures can without much of a stretch be moved electronically and can be investigated electronically too. This framework additionally streamlines case-document the board and can utilize an assortment of yield gadgets (â€Å"Guidelines†). There are inconveniences to this framework, be that as it may. There is as yet a requirement for isolated handling and printing offices for the silver-based film, which incorporates the protracted preparing time and the earth unsafe side-effects. Much the same as a normal silver-based film camera, the preprocessed film is delicate and can be harmed by temperature, mugginess and x-beams. What's more, it needs expanded specialized help, dissimilar to a customary silver-based film camera (â€Å"Guidelines†). Sincere belief on Which Camera is Best for Crime Scene Photography: Wrongdoing scene photography requires away from of explicit subtleties that may not stay at the scene. Hence, there is one element that is completely obligatory while thinking about which camera is most appropriate for wrongdoing scene photography. The first is that the camera must have a sufficiently high goals to catch the significant subtleties of the pictures caught. This limits the decisions of the camera down to at that point, either the silver-based film camera or the half breed imaging framework. Obviously when one considers the significance of guaranteeing that all wrongdoing scene features are shot enough, it turns out to be certain that the capacity to survey a picture quickly is a ground-breaking advantage. With this capacity, the picture taker can guarantee that he has caught precisely what he needs on film, without the danger of missing something that will most likely be unable to be shot later. Consequently, the half and half imaging framework has all the earmarks of being the best decision. It not just considers the high goals important to catch significant subtleties, however permits the picture taker moment access to the pictures the person just took, with the goal that they can check that they caught all that they might want. In spite of the fact that this framework has the preparing disadvantages of silver-based film, it likewise has the advantages of having the option to transmit picture documents electronically, just as the upgraded stockpiling and recording. The most effective method to refer to Conventional Silver-Based Film Cameras versus Digital Cameras, Essay models

Argumentative Essay Topics on Religion

Argumentative Essay Topics on ReligionThe questions you should be asking yourself when it comes to argumentative essay topics on religion include: What is the best way to learn about Christianity? What are some of the most popular arguments for and against the Bible?Remember, your argumentative essay will be a very important part of your final grade. This is why you must prepare yourself with the proper facts and research before you begin. Also, it is a good idea to take some time and do some research on the topic you're writing about. This may sound like a bunch of work but it's important to be thorough and to make sure you get all the information.Be sure to get references for any information you use as well as books that cover the religious history of the world. If you are writing about Christianity in particular, you may want to check out any popular Christian publications like the New American Bible or Christian Today. These are two great places to start. After you've taken all t he time to research and come up with your facts, you can now go ahead and write your argumentative essay.Some examples of topics to look at when writing an argumentative essay on Christianity include: Does the Bible contain errors? How did Christianity spread? How can we know the true history of Christianity?When starting an argumentative essay on a religious topic, you will have to make a distinction between fact and opinion. When making an argument, make sure that you stand behind your argument and not get bogged down in your personal convictions. It is important to remember that you are not a politician and you don't have to convince the reader of your position.You should be able to be as objective as possible when writing about religious subjects. It is important to remember that arguments for Christianity are not necessarily arguments against Christianity. Therefore, you will have to be certain that you're both on the same page before you begin writing.Remember that every good argumentative essay has a beginning, middle and an end, and therefore, you should remember that the correct order to put things in is 'What, When, Where, Why, Who, and What' where as in this case, where is can also mean 'how.' Also, many different religions share a common theme but don't talk about how these themes originated. This means that you should think about what has to be believed and reasons as to why the theory should be accepted.There are many more topics that can be used to make strong arguments on religion but these are some of the more common ones. It is important to remember that your essay should be an argument for something, not against something.

Who Should Write Your PhD Letters of Recommendation

Letters of recommendation are a key part of your application. Strong ones provide meaningful support, and a lukewarm one can really hurt you. In this post we’ll answer two questions: Who should write in support of your PhD application? And how can you make sure your letters are as good as they can be? How to choose the best LOR writers For your PhD application, you need LORs that can address your research experience and potential. Most of your letters, unless you have extensive work experience, should be from academic references. (If you have work experience, you can submit a work reference, but it should also focus on your research potential.) Ask people who know you well and can comment specifically and knowledgeably about your abilities. When you ask your recommenders if they can write in support of your application, ask if they would be able to write you a â€Å"strong† letter. This provides a gentle way for a hesitant recommender to decline – they can let you know that they don’t think they know you well enough to write a â€Å"strong† letter (or you might sense their hesitation), and you can move on to someone else. How to help your recommenders write strong LORs For the recommenders who are able to write for you, offer to supply whatever information will help them: your CV, a draft of your SOP, copies of work you produced for their class, etc. Offer to meet with them to discuss your goals. (They might not have time, but this can make their job easier.) You can also send them a link to Accepteds  10 Tips for Recommenders. Say thank you! And always remember to follow up with a thank you note. (Ideally, you can write another thank you note after you get in, sharing the good news!) You need to choose your PhD letter of recommendation writers wisely, and then you need to present them with the right materials to assist them in constructing strong letters that will represent your greatest strengths. We can help you with this, and with any other element of your PhD application. Check out our catalog of Graduate School Admissions Services and let us know how we can help you achieve PhD admissions success! hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'b9609c35-7031-4740-8979-c1058c46d16a'); By Dr. Rebecca Blustein, former Accepted admissions consultant. Dr. Blustein has a BA and PhD from UCLA in English and Comparative Literature. She formerly worked as a Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center where she gained experience guiding applicants in areas of admissions and funding. Dr. Blustein’s clients have been accepted to top Master’s and PhD programs in dozens of fields across all disciplines.  Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Choosing the Best PhD Programs, a free guide †¢ How NOT to Ask for a Letter of Recommendation †¢ Lining Up Letters of Recommendation and Searching for Fellowships

B. F. Skinner Essay - 1073 Words

B. F. Skinner Burris Frederic Skinner was born on March 20th, 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His mother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary, in a law office and later in a railroad chief executives office. His father, William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorney at a New York Law School. Skinners parents were both good students. His father had bought several sets of books, so there was a lot of reading material their children. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, except for the time they washed his mouth out with soap for bad language. (Ulrich, 1997) B. F. Skinner was very adventurous child. He lead a 300 mile canoe trip down the Susquehanna River when†¦show more content†¦This means that basically- you do something to get a reward. Like Watson, Skinner denied that feelings play any part in determining behavior. Instead, he claimed that the drive to be rewarded determines our behavior. (Demar, 1996) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some critics feel that operant conditioning was a dangerous technique because Skinner was controlling people and could have manipulated them. In reply to their criticism, Skinner argued that control is not wrong. Control is very important and sometimes unavoidable in education, government, and therapy. (Bijou, 1994) What Skinner objects to is the fact that control is usually used in negative ways which include the use of threat, punishment or to use other people. Skinner argues that because of this, people are against control, because the people in control use their power it in a negative way. For instance, In the family, a child is controlled by the fear of punishment from his parents. In school, the students are placed in a threatening environment in which they can escape only by learning. Our government controls us through laws, rules, and regulations. Skinner claims that what is needed is not less control but better control. Better control could be used if society had adopted his psychological theories. If this where to happen there would be better ways of teaching, better working conditions, and a better system ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on B. F. Skinner802 Words   |  4 PagesB. F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner, psychologist and behaviorist, was born in Susquhanna, Pennsylvania in 1904 to William Skinner and Grace Burrhus. His father was a lawywer and his mother was a naturally bright woman. Skinner had only one sibling; his brother died at the age of sixteen. Skinner lived most of his life in Susquhanna. He did not leave the house he was born in until he left to go to college. He was raised very close to his grandparents, who had a major impact on his early lifeRead More B. F. Skinner Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesB.F. Skinner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential theorists in modern psychology. His work was very important and has been studied by many for years. Skinner was a very straightforward man and a very educated man. His theories have helped mankind in many ways. He has studied the behavior patterns of many living organisms. Skinner was a well-published writer. His work has been published in many journals. He also has written many books on behaviorism. His most important work was theRead MoreOperant Conditioning by B. F Skinner1580 Words   |  7 Pagesrealizing it, and most of the time, they don’t know why they do them. Certain reinforcements, some positive, and some negative have conditioned their actions and thoughts. In this essay, I chose Burrhus Frederic Skinner who came up with the theory of operant conditioning. B. F. skinner,(March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) is an American psychologist who believed that we do have such a thing as a mind, but that it is simply more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mentalRead MoreIvan Pavlov, John Watson, And B. F. Skinner1272 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional, and environmental influences as playing roles in how we understand the world. With the rise of learning theories, three main theorists stood out, whose works are still in effect today. These theorists were Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B. F. Skinner. The theories created by each of these psychologists are still in effect to this day, and laid the groundwork for modern learning theories. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian psychologist born in the 1800’s. He was mainly influenced by the ideas of PisarevRead MoreThe Theory Of Behavioral Learning Theory901 Words   |  4 PagesB. F. Skinner is one of the top psychologist who invented the radical behaviorism and critical psychiatry. B. F. Skinner believed that behavior is maintained from one condition to another through similar or same consequences across situations. Skinner believed that actions followed by a positive effect tend to be repeated, while actions followed by negative effect were not. 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In a way, Skinner has a point about personality not existing because we do change our behavior based on the environment we are in. (Olson Hergenhahn, 2011.) Since there is no proof of a personality, I believe that psychology should be about behavior and not about an inner force. I do not believe a person is consistent across time because if theyRead MoreUnderstanding the Psychologist Called Burrhus Frederick Skinner1190 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 4 Valerie Rountree Walden University Management in Human and Social Development - MGMT 8010 June 28, 2014 Understanding Burrhus Frederic Skinner B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning, the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or unlikely that the behavior will be repeated again, (NNDB, 2014)Read MoreEssay Burrhus Frederic Skinner1132 Words   |  5 PagesBurrhus Frederic Skinner People do on a day to day basis, many actions without realizing it, and most of the time, they don’t know why they do them. Certain reinforcements, some positive, and some negative have conditioned their actions and thoughts. All organisms, including humans, are greatly influenced by the consequences produced by their own behavior. The environment holds the key to most of the changes that occur in the way a person behaves and a human’s own behavior brings consequencesRead MoreBiography of Burrhus Frederic Skinner Essays1329 Words   |  6 PagesBurrhus Frederic Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born in a small town called Susquehanna, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1904. His dad was a lawyer and his mom was a house wife. Skinner was the typical boy, he enjoyed playing outside and to build things. He created many inventions as a kid. He and a friend made a cabin in the woods and Skinner created a cart with backwards steering. When working for a shoe store he thought of and invention that helped the broom pick up dust. Skinner also invented

Psychoanalysis The Height Of Academia Essay - 1635 Words

Martin Seligman: Well the state of psychoanalysis wouldn’t exactly put it on a pedestal to measure my work against†¦ Sigmund Freud: What are you proposing? Is Psychoanalysis not the height of academia in your time? Martin Seligman: Only if the height of academia includes the isolation of most psychoanalytic ideas as well as psychoanalysis losing its place within psychiatric education (Hoffman 2010). A lot of psychoanalysis has gone unacknowledged in my era, outside of psychology within pop culture (WYCCWYC). Much of this has to do with your first and only trip to America in 1909, in which you did not leave a very big impact; you had come to â€Å"the land of unbridled optimism† to spread your grand message that the best one could hope for was â€Å"somewhere in the centre of repression and abandon† (Greenberg 2010) Sigmund Freud: America was a land in its infancy, obsessed with the pursuit of happiness that would soon grow to be a compulsion, they were not ready for the â€Å"plague I was bringing them† (harper). Is that all there is to my legacy? Surely my work has secured its place in the grand history of psychology! Martin Seligman: You’re right! In the 50s 60’s, psychoanalysis was the premier method within psychiatry (Hoffman 2010). Within that time, any colleague within the field was likely to find themselves running into one of your theories, and either (a): finding their idea was much less original than they had previously thought, or (b): finding that their idea vehementlyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestextbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et

Principal Ethical Philosophies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principal Ethical Philosophies. Answer: Introduction: The importance of ethics in business can never be overstated. There is no gain stating the fact that organizational success of a company is not merely determined by the financial statements. Rather, the organizational culture or themanagement philosophy plays an integral role in determining the long-term sustenance of a company. Hence, the moral vision of a company should always be taken into serious consideration. There are two principal ethical philosophies that are usually applied to the business organizations worldwide- Utilitarianism and Deontology (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). However, the very philosophy underpinning the two theories are highly distinct and contradictory to each other. While on the one hand, Utilitarianism determines the goodness of an action, based on its ability to produce consequences for the greatest number of people, Deontology states that the moral goodness of an action is heavily dependent on its intrinsic value. In other words, even if the end result i s not desirable, the action must be guided by a good motive, and the morality lies in the motive rather than the end result. Any business organization is guided by a set of ethical rules and principles that allow it to safeguard the company from various unethical principles (Bowie 2017). Hence, accordingly it is important to analyze the best ethical practice that the business organizations should adopt in todays world. Discussion: Before analyzing which of the two ethical philosophies can help in enhancing the profitability of a company, it is important to develop an understanding of the two ethical theories in the first place. First of all, as far as Utilitarianism is concerned, the ethical theory was introduced by J. S Mill and others, who believed that the morality of an action is heavily reliant on its ability to maximize the overall utility, and promote maximum welfare (Valentinov 2017). The end should justify the means, and the means will barely matter in case of this ethical theory. Accordingly, as per Utilitarianism, even if a pharmaceutical company is well-aware of the fact, that its drug is producing considerable side-effects for a group of people, it will still continue with its production, as the major group of consumers will be able to cure disease without any side-effect. Thus, this particular theory takes up a consequentialist approach and intends to achieve maximum welfare. On the other hand, D eontologist view states that even if the ultimate end of an action is morally desirable, an action may still not be morally just. An action is ethically correct if the doer has a moral purpose behind it, and as such even if the outcome is not desirable, the action should be encouraged, on ground of morality (Vadastreanu et al. 2015). In this connection, it would be interesting to draw the example of a Marijuana drug seller Eddy Lepp, who produced a distinct drug made from Marijuana that had soothing effects on the nausea problems of the Cancer patients. However, the action was also breaking the law of North California, as marijuana was regarded as an addictive drug. Yet since the drug was introduced with the purpose of relieving the Cancer patients, the non-compliance of Lepp with the regulatory framework of the government of the country would be seen as a moral alternative (Swenson 2016). However, the question still remains that if an organization decides to adhere to moral values, which ethical philosophy should it choose. While discussing about the best moral course of action, it is important to consider the factors which would encourage an organization behave in a morally just way. First of all, once an organization decides to act morally, it can ensure easily value the priorities of the stakeholders- especially the consumers and the employees, which in turn would ensure greater goodwill and higher profitability. A morally strong decision helps an organization enhance its brand recognition, develop customer loyalty, increase employee engagement and ultimately improve its financial position. Considering this, it should be important to understand which of the two above discussed ethical approaches can best serve the needs of the business. The Utilitarianism approach is one where the business tends to be driven by the profit motive. Since the company would aim to achieve the best possible end, often organizations following this approach, would tend to focus on the long-term end, that is the annual profi t, while overlooking the ethical questions in the process (Marques 2015). An organization dealing with cloth retail stores, may instantly decide to quit operating business via the physical stores, and quickly choose to move to the online stores. Now, as per the theory of Utilitarianism, this is highly desirable as it would help in ensuring customer convenience, as well as generating huge profit for the administrative and managerial employees, as well as offering high returns to the investors as well. However, the decision may not be ethically justified as it would eventually lead to the elimination of jobs, and would result in unemployment for a large number of people. However, since Utilitarianism would consider the end result, this decision would be morally permissible, as it would help in boosting the sales growth of the organization, assuring the existent stakeholders of maximum profit and return on investment. The company would tend to overlook the harm it does to a small set o f people, by highlighting the good done to a larger number of people. However, despite the fact that it has helped in maximizing welfare for a large number of people the action cannot be considered to be a morally just. This is because a morally right action would never land, even a small number of people, in unemployment problem. On the other hand, when a business organization intends to follow the Deontological approach, it will aim at ensuring overall well-being, without looking at the consequence. Accordingly, even if the end may not be as profitable as expected, its motive will remain morally justified. Once the very motive is true, it is easier for an organization to sustain itself in future (Sacco et al. 2017). For example, an organization may face intense competition from its rival brands, and hence in order to stay in the competition, it starts offering cheaper and yet low quality products to its consumers at cheaper rates. Initially, it might happen that larger number of customers is buying products from this company, simply owing to its low price strategy. However, since the quality itself is not good, the company will not be able to sustain its competitive position for a long period of time. This is exactly the reason why a good motive was essential here. In case, the organization had a good motive , it would have never be driven by the end result of making higher profit, and would have remained mindful of its own vision-to serve its customers better. As a result, the company would have been able to retain its goodwill as a producer of good quality products in the long run. As and when an organization decides to conduct business staying true to its motive, it can easily develop its business in future. However, when the business is driven by the consequentiality of the issue, it might overlook the ethical obligations it has towards its own stakeholders. This will tend to impede the long-term sustainability of the company (Murphy 2016). This is simply the reason why Deontology as an ethical approach is preferred by many. Another example may be used to illustrate this point. Owing to the sudden increasing gas prices, the then president of Ford, Lee Iaccoca modeled the Ford Pinto, as he wished to rush it into production to compete with the Japanese manufacturers in producing fuel efficient smaller cars. Although during the testing phase, it was being observed that the positioning of the gas tank in the rump of the car left it vulnerable to collisions in rear-end of the car, the fact was dismissed by the company. The reason behind dismissing such an important fact was that the management authority of Ford was driven by a Utilitarianism ethical principle. It was being concluded that since the production of a fuel-efficient car was able to result in greater customer satisfaction, higher return on investments and increased financial revenue, the company could easily do away with its moral responsibility of ensuring consumer safety. While the motive of a car company should have been to ensure safe, high quality cars, Ford miserably failed to adopt a morally sound motive. Now, regardless of the morality question, the consequence of entirely dismissing the importance of working with a good motive, was too hard. In fact, over the following ten years, as many as sixt y people were died in fiery accidents, and needless to state that the consumers became aware of the price they would have to pay if they continue buying this model. This undoubtedly ruined the reputation of the company as well. It is clearly evident that there lies a great danger in applying utilitarianism to business. An organization may be focused on the larger picture, and in the process overlook a crucial factor that can threaten the sustainability of the company in the long run (Gawronski and Beer 2016). On the other hand, Deontological approach is completely based on a set of moral values and ideas, and it is its strong adherence to the same, that will prevent the company from taking a step that will threaten its sustainability in future (Xu et al. 2016). Conclusion: A company driven by the deontological approach will tend to perform the right simply because it is the moral duty of any individual or entity to do the right thing, regardless of the fact whether the ends are favorable or unfavorable. Performing the moral duty is the most important thing as per this approach. Yet one of the drawbacks of this approach is that it tends to undermine the importance of outcome, which can however, threaten the revenue earning capacity of the company (Conway and Gawronski 2013). An organization in order to thrive in a highly competitive market must ensure that it is able to adopt competitive strategies that can help it gain a competitive edge over the other companies. Often companies require reducing the product prices so as to outrival the competition, and the low-price strategy can be profitable when the company does agree to compromise with the quality or quantity of the product (Tenenbaum 2016). Although compromising with safety, as in the case of Ford, is highly unacceptable, yet the company has to be discreet enough where it must adopt strategies that can enhance the profitability, regardless of the morality of the intent. In case an organization is too focused on well-being of each stakeholder, it might end up ruining its own chances of earning huge amount of revenue, which might be compliant with the ideal of a non-profit seeking company, but not a profit-seeking company. There can be no gain stating the fact that deontological approach is the most desirable approach that ensures the equal treatment of each stakeholder, and yet it should be remembered that at times, the approach can appear to be too impractical to be of any use to the managers. On the other hand, since utilitarianism focuses more on the consequence, it pays keen attention to the profitability it helps business managers to make discreet business decisions (Jackson and Smith 2016). To conclude, the idea of business ethics is a new one, and any organization that intends to survive in a competitive market, must adopt an ethical approach to sustain for a long period of time. This, in fact, is precisely the reason more and more organizations are engaging themselves in corporate social responsibility acts. After critically analyzing as well as evaluating both the ethical approaches, it can be said that though both have its drawbacks and benefits, Deontology is far better an ethical theory when needs to be applied to any business practice. Despite its negligence of the end result, it should be remembered that if the business intent is good, an organization will be able to ensure profit in the long run, if not immediately. Deontology, unlike Utilitarianism, strives to enhance equality amongst employees and ensure overall satisfaction of all the stakeholders concerned. Utilitarianism can easily justify employee exploitation or customer deception as part of its strategy for doing good for the larger group, and hence cannot be deemed to be the better alternative. References: Bowie, N.E., 2017.Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Conway, P. and Gawronski, B., 2013. Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), p.216. Gawronski, B. and Beer, J.S., 2016. What makes moral dilemma judgments utilitarian or deontological?.Social neuroscience, pp.1-7. Jackson, F. and Smith, M., 2016. The implementation problem for deontology.Weighing reasons, pp.279-291. Marques, J., 2015. Universalism and Utilitarianism: An Evaluation of Two Popular Moral Theories in Business Decision Making.The Journal of Values-Based Leadership,8(2), p.3. Murphy, S.P., 2016. Contemporary Philosophical Faces of Deontology and ConsequentialismJohn Rawls and Peter Singer. InResponsibility in an Interconnected World(pp. 61-87). Springer International Publishing. Sacco, D.F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C.J. and Hugenberg, K., 2017. The adaptive utility of deontology: deontological moral decision-making fosters perceptions of trust and likeability.Evolutionary Psychological Science,3(2), pp.125-132. Swenson, P., 2016. Subjective Deontology and the Duty to Gather Information.Ethics,127(1), pp.257-271. Tenenbaum, S., 2017. Action, Deontology, and Risk: Against the Multiplicative Model.Ethics,127(3), pp.674-707. Vadastreanu, A.M., Maier, D. and Maier, A., 2015. Is the Success Possible in Compliance with Ethics and Deontology in Business?.Procedia Economics and Finance,26, pp.1068-1073. Valentinov, V., 2017. The Rawlsian critique of utilitarianism: A Luhmannian interpretation.Journal of Business Ethics,142(1), pp.25-35. Xu, Z.X. and Ma, H.K., 2016. How can a deontological decision lead to moral behavior? The moderating role of moral identity.Journal of Business Ethics,137(3), pp.537-549.

The Stranger Essays (458 words) - Absurdist Fiction, The Stranger

The Stranger Meursaults actions reflect his inner self in many ways. He is the protagonist in the story. He emotionally really doesnt care about other people like is mother and Marie. Many events end up leading to the his murder of an Arab. During his trial, there was no emotional attachment between him and his mother. That becomes a main focus of the prosecutors argument that he is a monster. Meursault is a young man living in Algiers. He receives a report of his mother Madame Meursault's funeral. He attends his mothers funeral, but he does not show any outward signs of appropriate grief. He returns to his home and immediately begins an affair with Marie Cardona, a former co-worker. After the weekend ends, he concludes that his mother's death has changed nothing. The banal rhythm of a Sunday afternoon remains exactly the same as it was before. He strikes up an acquaintance with Raymond Sintes, a local gigolo and pimp. Meursault unintentionally becomes involved in a dispute between Raymond and Raymond's mistress and her brother, the Arab. The dispute ends with Meursault's murder of the Arab. Meursault, who narrates The Stranger, does not offer an explanation for the murder. It is by all appearances completely without motivation. Nevertheless, society demands a rational explanation. Meursault is arrested and brought to trial. During the trial, it becomes apparent that various members of the courtroom feel a need to explain the senseless, unmotivated killing. It refuses to convict him of the murder without imposing a rational explanation onto the event, which allows for a moral condemnation of the killing. Without a justification for moral condemnation, punishment for the murder lacks a rational basis. Unfortunately, Meursault ends up being tried and sentenced to death more on the basis of his atheism and lack of emotional attachment to his mother than on the basis of anything logically connected to the murder. By the end of the trial, the court construes his lack of emotional attachment to his mother as an explanation of the murder, and vice versa. Together, the two justify the prosecutor's definition of Meursault as a monster. Meursault's predicament develops Camus's philosophy of the absurd--that humans tend to impose a rational order on the world in the face of evidence that the world is absurd. He focuses on the dilemma of acceptance of the absurd without succumbing to despair. Meursault becomes the Absurd Hero when he can accept the absence of a rational basis for his death sentence without succumbing to despair. Hope is merely a distraction from the short time he has left. Meursault develops an optimism without hope, which allows him to make the most of the short life he has left. Bibliography Internet English Essays

Definition and Examples of Double Superlatives in English

Definition and Examples of Double Superlatives in English Definition In English grammar, the double superlative is the use of both most and the suffix -est to indicate the superlative form of an adjective  (for example, my most biggest fear and the most unfriendliest teacher). Although many examples of the double superlative can be found in MIddle English and  early  Modern English, today its generally regarded as a nonstandard construction or (in prescriptive terms) a  grammatical error. Occasionally, however, the double superlative is still used in present-day English to provide emphasis or rhetorical force. In such cases, says linguist Kate Burridge, the double superlative is the linguistic equivalent of a trumpet blast. It signals this information is worth paying attention to. Of course, we should never overdo linguistic fanfares (Blooming English, 2004). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Double ComparativeDouble Trouble in English Grammar Emphasis Examples and Observations Mirror, mirror, on the wall, whos the most baddest angry young man of all?(Donald Barthelme, Before the Mirror. Sixty Stories. G.P. Putnams Sons, 1982)Suddenly a revelation hit Marty like a thunderclap. He slapped his head with the palm of his hand. Well, if Im not the most dumbest, slab-sided, cream-sucking, thick-headed cigar-store dummy in six states.(Thom Nicholson, Ricochet. Signet, 2007)Nabo told me de absolutely most funniest story this morning. I nearly spoiled myself with delight.(Queen in Las Meninas by Lynn Nottage, in Crumbs From the Table of Joy, and Other Plays. Theatre Communications Group, 2004)Also, I said, unable to control the momentum of how right I was, its freezing cold outside on Easter Sunday and every year I just stand there with my teeth clacking, and singing outside in a dress in the freezing cold is the most stupidest thing I can think of.You cant say most stupidest. Stupidest is not a word, and even if it were, it implies most.(Haven Kimmel, A Girl Named Zippy. Doubleday, 2001) Just at the turn to Hawkshead is an old-fashioned house, and at the gate of the carriage drive was the  most funniest  old lady, large black cap, spectacles, apron, ringlets, a tall  new rake much higher than herself and apparently no legs: she had stepped out of a fairy-tale.(Beatrix Potter,  The Journal of Beatrix Potter From 1881-1897. F. Warne, 1966) Well! of all the artful and designing orphans that ever I see, Oliver, you are one of the most  bare-facedest.(Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, 1828)While I may scape,I will preserve myself: and am bethoughtTo take the basest and most poorest shape,That ever penury, in contempt of man,Brought near to beast.(Edgar in Act Two, scene 3, of William Shakespeares King Lear, 1608) The Proscription Against Double Superlatives- Standard English no longer permits expressions such as most unkindest, where the superlative is marked by the preceding most as well as the -est inflection. In C16 there was no constraint on their use, and Shak espeare uses them in several of his plays to underscore a dramatic judgment. The use of most highest in religious discourse is similarly rhetorical and was exempted by some C18 grammarians (notably, Lowth, Bishop of London) from the general censure of double superlatives. Grammarians can certainly argue that one or other superlative marker is redundant, and in measured prose one of them would be edited out.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004)- In profane authors there are also many instances of the use of the double superlative. Sir Thomas More used the expression, most basest; Ben Jonson that of, most ancientest; John Lilly (of the time of Queen Elizabeth) that of, most brightest; and Shakespeare, most boldest, most unkindest, most heaviest.(On the Language of Uneducated People, The Saturday Magazine, August 24, 1844)

Health Policy and Professional Practice- Assignment

Health Policy and Professional Practice- - Assignment Example The purpose of this essay is to discuss and critically analyze the Cancer Reform Strategy implemented by the Department of health in 2007 with reference to Clinical Nurse Specialist. The main focus of this essay will be on the Cancer Reform Strategy of 2007 (DOH, 2007). Various historical events related to cancer care that have influenced the development of the cancer Reform Strategy will be discussed. The essay will also examine the role of Clinical Nurse Specialists that has evolved as various developments took place in cancer care in England. In the mean time, various proposals of the coalition government, their policies, the role of Clinical Nurse Specialists and the implications of these policies and services on the patients will be discussed and critically analyzed. The role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist. Cancer is one of the major public health challenges all over the world including England. According to DOH (2007), each year, about 230,000 individuals in England are likel y to be diagnosed on cancer and more than half this number are likely to succumb to the disease. Thus, cancer is the leading cause of mortality under those 75 years of age. In 2005, 38 percent of premature deaths in population less than 75 years of age was because of cancer. 3 decades ago, the state of cancer therapy in England and other parts of UK were worst in the Western European region (DOH, 2000). Patients were referred late for treatment and those referred were diagnosed and treated late. There was no proper coordination between various health professionals and referrals were not made to the right place and in the right time. Also, there existed a wide gap and inequality in health care access. Those who were poor had poor access to health care facilities and were more likely to die once a diagnosis of cancer was established (DOH, 2000). Due to such and several other reasons, cancer patients in England has less survival prospects than those in other countries of Europe. For ca ncers like breast and bowel cancers, diagnosis was usually done in advanced stages due to lack of information for both the patient and general practitioner. Also, whatever services were available were patchy. The number of cancer specialists were less and the equipment for cancer detection, prevention, screening and management were outdated (Morries et al, 2007). The type of treatment delivered also was varied. While some received excellent care, others received neglected care in an insensitive manner. Long time periods of waiting and uncertainty of treatment outcomes harassed the patients. This was evident from the report by the Chief Medical Officers of England and Wales, popularly known as the Calman Hine report (1995), in which it was evident that the survival and services with reference to cancer had geographical inequalities. In this report, the authors suggested restructuring of cancer services in order to provide suitable access of cancer services to all communities, geograp hical areas and socioeconomic strata to high levels of expertise. They recommended improvements in cancer networks. In 1997, the government pledged that death rate due to cancer in those under 75 years of age will be reduced to by atleast 50 percent by 2010. It was then that the White paper for "Smoking Kills" was passed as a part of comprehensive tobacco control programme. The government also began to focus or energy and money for boosting up the

The fight for independence from Great Britain for Canada was much Research Paper

The fight for independence from Great Britain for Canada was much different than that of the United States of America - Research Paper Example Meanwhile, Canada and Great Britain, though once tainted with conflicts, now share some cultures and establish trade relationship. Under the colonization of Great Britain, its government system was controlled and the chief state is the British monarch (Hastedt 62). However, after the granting of independence, Canada, as mentioned earlier, was given more power over its legislature and enjoyed the ideals of democracy. Nowadays, the system of government in Canada is still with the essence of democracy but has adopted a parliamentary system--where the legislative and the executive department of the government are fused as far as their power and function are concerned (â€Å"Parliamentary Government,† n.pag.). In United States Great Britain has extended its collection of colonies over the territory of the Americans. During the early centuries at around eighteenth and nineteenth, United States of America was colonized and was in general, imposed with restrictions on economic matters . This was not what the American desired in contrast to Canada; United States took a measure to break the tie of colonization from Great Britain--to go into revolution. According to Thomas and Walker (163), U.S struggled and fought for independence even at war.

The Servant Leadership Essay Example for Free

The Servant Leadership Essay What does servant leadership mean to you, and how can you practice servant leadership in your college community?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In my own humble view, servant leadership may be defined as a person who lives in the service of others even as he strives to lead them towards the fulfillment of certain objectives and goals. A servant leader is usually embodied in a person who epitomizes the 10 principles of servant leadership as listed by Larry Spears of Greenleaf Center. These 10 principles are listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and lastly, building community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that since I am a gay man living in a homophobic world, I will be able to use and develop the aforementioned skills that I know I possess, in my quest to help the homosexual community. I can help them learn how to gain social and personal acceptance in the world just as I did. We live in a world that claims to be accepting and tolerating of the third sex. With all the various cause oriented groups and gay rights advocate movement that abound, this would certainly seem to ring true. But the truth of the matter is that the world is still homophobic of people that they deem to be different from what is traditionally dictated to be normal. This is why I want to be a servant leader in my college community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will make it my personal crusade to insure that the gay and heterosexual communities in my future college will learn how to co-exist in peace through my example. As a servant leader, I will make it my personal duty to listen to the heterosexuals and explain to them about where my fellow gay people are coming from. I will empathize with both parties and make sure that they will listen and understand the reality of a homosexual life and why we are just like any other normal people. These things have to be accomplished in order to heal the wounds caused by decades of sexual ignorance and bigotry. A servant leader must always be self aware and generally aware of his surroundings. It is also my duty to insure that my fellow students and servant leaders are aware of important matters that will be of importance to our organization and community and insure that these are dealt with speedily and accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I plan to serve my college community by using my foresight and skills in conceptualizing and creating relevant activities that will foster camaraderie amongst all the students and faculty on campus. I will insure that everyone participating in the activity will be very keen on helping develop the personal, professional, and spiritual growth of each participant. Such activities can be in the form of fundraisers, sports and music festivals, as well as other activities as suggested by the organization members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reality if the situation is that servant leaders, most specially those who begin in their local community college or corporations hold the future of human lives in their hands. As a servant leader, I have the ability to shape the world and affect the lives of the people around me in a highly positive manner.   In a way, a servant leader is in charge of building a community that can co-exist regardless of differing beliefs and perceptions. What is important is that I will be given a chance to lay the groundwork for a strong community composed of cooperative heterosexuals and homosexuals that will serve as the model organization for the others in my college community.

Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Writing Technology How many times in an average day does one think about how their shoes were made, and how the invention has evolved over the years? A person could never know the full extent of it until they tried to make a pair with only the simplest of materials to use. It is so easy to say that society does not know what they have until it is gone. For this project every tool that I have ever used for writing was taken away, and it left me more than a little frustrated. It is so hard to think about going through a day without a pen, pencil, or marker to use at will. These things have become as standard as the shoes we wear on our feet. Society knows why it has them, but they do not know to what extent until they are taken away or simplified beyond recognition. There is so much thought that has to go into making something to write with. Ideas can become so complex and intricate. Most of the ideas that I came up with were just too much in the sense that I was making it harder than it needed to be. Being that I am an impatient person, I was looking for something that I could do pretty quickly. I started to look at what was available to me, and I realized that hey I live in Michigan; there are a lot of rocks around. I did not want to lug a bunch of huge, heavy things around, and so I focused on the smaller pebbles and stones instead. I found a sandy area close to where I found the rocks, and shaped small piles of them into letters. This idea was a decent one by my standards, and it was legible when it was completed. I formed the word ‘rock’ with the stones. Toward the end I did get lazy though and used twigs I found for the last letter. Upon finishing, I realized the final outcome would last for a while, but it is not transportable. This could be a problem in a more realistic setting. I can not imagine taking notes in class with stones and having to leave it there. This would make studying nearly impossible. After contemplating this for a while I came up with a plan of attack. Many ideas that have come about in the technology of writing have built on other ideas (Baron, Dennis, 36).

Personal Goals

Leadership is a highly esteemed characteristic that attaches maximum political, business and social value with it. Every group, irrespective of its size and influence, is always in search for a leader whom it can trust to steer ahead through all the possible challenges and difficulties. Therefore leadership is an individual attribute   that allows one person   to motivate and carry many others towards common dreams and goals. Leadership, by its very definition, commands implicit faith, and confidence in the actions, decisions and philosophy of the leader. Here it is vital to understand that leadership is a dynamic and integral quality of a person and leaders emerge from ordinary groups; they are not made, elected or appointed. Arguably, there are no definite copy-book rules to construct a leader. The difficulties, complexities, and challenges associated with a situation give impetus to leadership qualities in otherwise ordinary people who believe in themselves that they are capable of rising up to the difficulties as well as helping others out of it. Therefore although it might be difficult to ‘teach’ a person quality of good leader, yet one can expect to inculcate leadership qualities by observing styles and principles of successful leaders. It is said that a leader is a dealer in hope. Leadership is then about inspiration, motivation, encouragement and direction that pulls people to accomplishments that they would not had managed if left alone. However, effective leadership is a very challenging domain as it requires some impeccable personal and organizational traits that can be developed and realized through considerable experience, knowledge and self- discipline. There are no fixed guidelines, set of rules and laws that exactly prescribe the traits, qualities and attributes of a successful leader. Quite often the leadership is situational and the leader is required to act purely through intuition and circumstantial requirements. However there are certain essential skills and characteristics that are rather mandatory for effective leadership are 1 Trustworthiness: Trustworthiness is about integrity in action. Effective leadership is about achieving coordination in words and actions and following the age old principles of truth, honesty and personal integrity. 2. Fairness: Leaders can’t afford to be biased or prejudiced or it would jeopardize the confidence of the followers in their secular character. 3. Communication and listening skill. Leadership requires excellent communication and listening skill through which the leaders can articulate their views unambiguously and also hear the views of others to give them sense of participation and involvement. 4. Initiative: Leadership is about taking initiative and orienting other people towards it. Taking initiative pulls the organization rapidly ahead. 5. Good judgment: Leaders must have the ability to process all information in the backdrop of their knowledge to make correct decisions 6. Motivational capacity: Leadership is ineffective if it cant motivate people to the dream and vision of the leader. It is the most desirous quality of a leader and one that is hallmark of leadership. A good leader should be honest, loyal and committed to the goals of the organization he intends to lead. A good leader should not have a desire for wrongful gains or hidden agendas. This is why perhaps people emphasize on transparency in all dealings of any organization. Some leaders have a self plan and pursue them rather than acting in the interests of the organization. Committed to the cause of the organization or group and being live to the sacrifices and pains of your colleagues is a basic quality of a good leader. National leaders and particularly the freedom fighters of several nations had steadfast qualities and determination in them, which helped them carry on and ultimately succeed. A good leader is perhaps a good follower. There is never a stage in which you have mastered everything and this applies even to leadership. Each day you learn more and more, perhaps the rights and wrongs of your own acts too. I have always been a wilful learner and strongly believe I should always keep learning if I am to lead.   I have always respected people with values and accountability. A leader is accountable for his actions and should voluntarily open up to any questions or suspicions in his dealings. Similarly a good leader should also emphasize such qualities among his followers and make them accountable too. Simplicity is a mark of identity for any leader and projecting himself as a role model. A leader’s thoughts, actions and words should be a reflection of him, inspiring all who follow. A leader indeed should have uncommon qualities to successfully lead his organization. One of the main challenges of a leader is his ability to manage change. Change is a permanent reality across time. The world is changing at an unprecedented pace, as never before witnessed. Change in an organization, group or any set up involves altering its structure, processes, the behaviour of its management and staff, its strategy, environment etc. The structure of an organization is one of the most common targets of change. This includes the manner in which it is held together, the various configurations of people and the relationship between them, communication channels, job roles and skills. The relationships within an organization are extremely important as it contributes to the internal shape and coherence. Some processes which are altered as a result of change implementation are communication processes, management processes and learning process. Periodic reviews of its goals and progress are vital for any organization or team to stay aligned with its objectives and expectations. I understand the need and consequences of change, which an organization undertakes according to the demands placed on it. Ongoing communication can motivate managers and employees and help them to overcome resistance to an initiative, keep them prepared for the ups and downs of change. Organizations are managed by several forms of leadership based on the exertion of authority within the organization. Two main, but interconnected types of leadership in organizations are the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership, both having strong philosophical and ethical foundations. Transformational leadership gives followers the opportunity to assess the leader’s view, to seek explanations and provide solutions, while transactional leadership is more based on imposition, where followers are driven by the praise, promise or reward of the leader. In the transactional leadership, the followers are confronted by reproof, threats and disciplinary actions. Transformational leadership has become more popular in the last three decades primarily due to the changing global economy. Transformational leadership promotes equality, justice and human rights through loyalty and fairness. Recent findings suggest that team performance and communication are improved under transformational leadership. Authentic transformational leaders are sometimes transactional too. The leader may present his opinion, plans and exhort agreement on them, which however may be in the mutual interest of all involved. I consider myself as a typical transformational leader open to criticism and discussion, unafraid of my decisions being questioned. After all only collective thinking and cooperation can bring results. People generally do whatever they want to do or, are motivated to do. Motivation is another vital component associated with productivity in workplaces. Suitable theories and principles of employee motivation are applied with basic logic to address the psyche of employees who are to be motivated. Motivation can also be described as a crucial skill for any business to succeed. It involves inducing individuals from his actual and deviant state to a required desired state in a specific way. Each motivational system must be specifically designed according to the organization and prevailing circumstances. Recognizing and understanding the motivational factors for each employee or follower is very important. It would be surprising to know that things like job security, money etc. cannot help in motivating people. However fear, like yelling from boss, do serve as a short-term motivator. Employees, colleagues and supporters all need to be motivated to perform to the levels expected of them. As a thoughtful leader, I can easily motivate my employees by setting an example and not forcing them to follow me. Recruitment is a very important function of human resources and recruitment strategies are vital in attracting talented and smart prospective candidates. Selection of best candidates who fit with the work culture of the organization is very important. The recruitment also has a direct bearing on the retention factor in an organization, apart from work efficiency and quality. Be it an organization, a political party or any association; it is very essential that only the right people with the right mindset occupy responsible positions. My association with people helps me to identify such people with the right mentality and the ones who should be kept away. As a leader I try to ensure that the goals and ideals of my employee are not shouldered by wrong persons. Conflict and dissatisfaction with superiors like other leaders and officers is another common cause for resignations. When managers or team leaders fail to provide the required leadership by bullying their subordinates or treating people unfairly, it gives rise to employee discontent. Such situations emphasize on the qualities of the manager and the team leader. Only those with well-developed leadership qualities must be selected as second level leaders. They should be trained in leadership skills, methods of resolving conflict and also on dealing with grievances. Poor selection or promotion decisions too can result in rapid turnover. The selection and promotion processes must be on par with the capabilities of the individuals, with regard to the work they do. As a leader, I know that I keep a close watch on the attrition rate of my organization to seek answers as to what makes people unhappy within my business. I have also implemented exit interviews to identify grievances and offer redress. Leadership is not a characteristic that exists in isolation. As it is defined, leadership implies establishing coordination, orientation, cooperation, and collaboration among the followers to accomplish designated objectives and goals. It is   possible when leaders can inspire their followers with respect, admiration, discipline, confidence in the abilities of the leader while being helped to envision themselves as empowered individuals. A good leader has the ability to take over even most complex, demanding and otherwise impossible condition by exhibiting personal integrity, ethical and moral traits and values that other can relate to and aspire to imbibe in their own conduct (Laurie, 2000, 53). Here it is important to distinguish personal charisma from leadership, as personal charisma, being an person specific phenomena, can awe people but hardly give them impetus to follow in the footsteps of the leader. Leadership is also means natural acquisition of power and potential to change its equation affect over the leaders and their followers. There inherent dangers associated with power, and for most of the people, the timeless adage-‘power corrupts’ suits justly. Power contains a temptation that is hard to resist and has potential to become the ultimate goal for a person rather the tool that was designated in helping to achieve the goals.   But a genuine leader understands this irony of power and therefore believes that power should be shared with others so that it can grow. The real power of leaders is their ability to inspire others with a sense of power and confidence

100 Most Important Women in World History

From time to time, people publish lists of top 100 of women in history. As I think about who Id put into my own Top 100 list of women important to world history, the women in the list below would at least make it to my first draft list. Womens Rights European and British Olympe de Gouges: in the French Revolution, declared that women were equal to menMary Wollstonecraft: British author and philosopher, mother of modern feminismHarriet Martineau: wrote about politics, economics, religion, philosophyEmmeline Pankhurst: key British woman suffrage radical; Founder, Womens Social and Political Union, 1903Simone de Beauvoir: 20th-century feminist theorist Americans Judith Sargent Murray: American writer who wrote early feminist essayMargaret Fuller: Transcendentalist writerElizabeth Cady Stanton: womens rights and woman suffrage theorist and activistSusan B. Anthony: womens rights and woman suffrage spokesperson and leaderLucy Stone: abolitionist, womens rights advocateAlice Paul: a primary organizer for the last winning years of womens suffrageCarrie Chapman Catt: a longtime organizer for woman suffrage, organized international suffrage leadersBetty Friedan: feminist whose book helped launch the so-called second waveGloria Steinem: theorist and writer whose Ms. Magazine helped shape the second wave Heads of State Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance Hatshepsut: Pharaoh of Egypt who took male powers for herselfCleopatra of Egypt: last pharaoh of Egypt, active in Roman politicsGalla Placidia: Roman Empress and regentBoudicca (or Boadicea): warrior queen of the CeltsTheodora, Empress of Byzantium, married to JustinianIsabella I of Castile and Aragon, ruler of Spain who, as a partner ruler with her husband,  drove the Moors from Granada, expelled unconverted Jews from Spain, sponsored Christopher Columbus voyage to the New World, established the InquisitionElizabeth I of England, whose long rule was honored by calling that time period the Elizabethan Age Modern Catherine the Great of Russia: expanded Russias borders and promoted westernization and modernizationChristina of Sweden: patron of art and philosophy, abdicated on conversion to Roman CatholicismQueen Victoria: another influential queen for whom a whole age is namedCixi (Tzu-hsi or Hsiao-chin), last Dowager Empress of China, wielding enormous power as she opposed foreign influence and ruled strongly internallyIndira Gandhi: Prime Minister of India, also the daughter, mother, and mother-in-law of other Indian politiciansGolda Meir: Prime Minister of Israel during Yom Kippur WarMargaret Thatcher: British prime minister who dismantled social servicesCorazon Aquino: President of Philippines, reform political candidate More Politics Asian Sarojini Naidu: poet and political activist, the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress European and British Joan of Arc: legendary saint and martyrMadame de Stael: intellectual and salonist American Barbara Jordan: first Southern African American woman elected to CongressMargaret Chase Smith: Republican Senator from Maine, the first woman elected to both the House and the Senate, first woman to have her name placed in nomination at a Republican party conventionEleanor Roosevelt: wife and widow of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his eyes and ears as president hampered by polio, and a human rights activist in her own right Religion European and British Hildegard of Bingen: abbess, mystic and visionary, composer of music and writer of books on many secular and religious topicsPrincess Olga of Kiev: her marriage was the occasion of the conversion of Kiev (to become Russia) to Christianity, considered the first saint of the Russian Orthodox ChurchJeanne dAlbret  (Jeanne of Navarre): Huguenot Protestant leader in France, ruler of Navarre, mother of Henry IV American Mary Baker Eddy: founder of Christian Science, author of key scriptures of that faith, founder of The Christian Science Monitor Inventors and Scientists Hypatia: philosopher, mathematician, and martyred by the Christian churchSophie Germain: mathematician whose work is still used in the construction of skyscrapersAda Lovelace: pioneer in mathematics, created the concept of an operating system or softwareMarie Curie: mother of modern physics, two-time Nobel Prize winnerMadam C. J. Walker: inventor, entrepreneur, millionaire, philanthropistMargaret Mead: anthropologistJane Goodall: primatologist and researcher, worked with chimpanzees in Africa Medicine and Nursing Trota or Trotula: a medieval medical writer (probably)Florence Nightingale: nurse, reformer, helped establish standards for nursingDorothea Dix: advocate for the mentally ill, supervisor of nurses in the U.S. Civil WarClara Barton: founder of the Red Cross, organized nursing services in the U.S. Civil WarElizabeth Blackwell: first  woman to graduate from medical school (M.D.) and a pioneer in educating women in medicine  Elizabeth Garrett Anderson:  first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain; first woman physician in Great Britain; advocate of womens suffrage and womens opportunities in higher education; first woman in England elected as mayor Social Reform Americans Jane Addams: founder of Hull-House and of the social work professionFrances Willard: temperance activist, speaker, educatorHarriet Tubman:  fugitive slave, underground railroad conductor, abolitionist, spy, soldier, Civil War, nurseSojourner Truth: black abolitionist who also advocated for woman suffrage and met Abraham Lincoln at the White HouseMary Church Terrell: civil rights leader, founder of National Association of Colored Women, charter NAACP memberIda Wells-Barnett:  anti-lynching crusader, reporter, an early activist for racial justiceRosa Parks:  civil rights activist, especially known for desegregating buses in Montgomery, Alabama More Elizabeth Fry: prison reform, mental asylum reform, reform of convict shipsWangari Maathai: environmentalist, educator Writers Sappho: poet of ancient GreeceAphra Behn: first woman to make a living through writing; dramatist, novelist, translator, and poetLady Murasaki: wrote  whats considered the worlds first novel,  The Tale of GenjiHarriet Martineau: wrote about economics, politics, philosophy, religionJane Austen: wrote popular novels of the Romantic periodCharlotte Bronte: along with her sister Emily, author of key early 19th century novels by womenEmily Dickinson: inventive poet and recluseSelma Lagerlof: first woman to win Nobel Prize for LiteratureToni Morrison:  first African American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (1993)Alice Walker:  author of  The Color Purple; Pulitzer Prize; recovered work of Zora Neale Hurston; worked against female circumcision